The Premier League, colloquially referred to as the Premiership, is an English professional league for football clubs. At the top of the English football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. It is contested by 20 clubs, operating a system of promotion and relegation with The Football League. The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders. Seasons run from August to May, with teams playing 38 games each. It is sponsored by Barclays Bank, and is therefore officially known as the Barclays Premier League.
The competition formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from The Football League, which was originally founded in 1888, and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal. The Premier League has since become the world's most watched sporting league. It is the world's most lucrative football league, with combined club revenues of around £1.4 billion in 2005–06, which are expected to rise to around £1.8 billion for 2007–08 due to media revenues. It is also ranked first in the UEFA rankings of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the last five-years, ahead of Spain's La Liga and Italy's Serie A.
A total of 42 clubs have competed in the Premier League, but only four have won the title: Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Arsenal, and Chelsea. The current champions are Manchester United, who won their tenth Premier League title in the 2007–08 season, the most of any Premier League team.
History
Despite significant European success during the 1970s, the 1980s had marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities, hooliganism was rife, and English clubs were banned from European competition following the events at Heysel in 1985. The Football League First Division, which had been the top level of English football since 1888, was well behind leagues such as Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga in attendances and revenues, and several top English players had moved abroad. However, by the turn of the 1990s the downward trend was starting to reverse; England had been successful in the 1990 FIFA World Cup, reaching the semi-finals. UEFA, European football's governing body, lifted the five-year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990 and the Taylor Report on stadium safety standards, which proposed expensive upgrades to create all-seater stadiums in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster, was published in January of that year.
| Season | Winner | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992–93 | Manchester United | |||
| 1993–94 | Manchester United | |||
| 1994–95 | Blackburn Rovers | |||
| 1995–96 | Manchester United | |||
| 1996–97 | Manchester United | |||
| 1997–98 | Arsenal | |||
| 1998–99 | Manchester United | |||
| 1999–2000 | Manchester United | |||
| 2000–01 | Manchester United | |||
| 2001–02 | Arsenal | |||
| 2002–03 | Manchester United | |||
| 2003–04 | Arsenal | |||
| 2004–05 | Chelsea | |||
| 2005–06 | Chelsea | |||
| 2006–07 | Manchester United | |||
| 2007–08 | Manchester United | |||
| ||||
Television money had also become much more important; the Football League received £6.3million for a two-year agreement in 1986, but when that deal was renewed in 1988, the price rose to £44m over four years. The 1988 negotiations were the first signs of a breakaway league; ten clubs threatened to leave and form a "super league", but were eventually persuaded to stay. As stadiums improved and match attendance and revenues rose, the country's top teams again considered leaving the Football League in order to capitalise on the growing influx of money being pumped into the sport.
[edit] Foundation
At the close of the 1991 season, a proposal for the establishment of a new league was tabled that would bring more money into the game overall. The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17 July 1991 by the game's top-flight clubs, established the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League.[9] The newly formed top division would have commercial independence from the Football Association and the Football League, giving the FA Premier League license to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements. This was considered necessary so that English clubs could once again compete with and beat the best of Europe, while attracting the best talent in the world, something which in 1991 seemed practically unthinkable.
In 1992 the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League en masse and on 27 May 1992 the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company working out of an office at the Football Association's then headquarters in Lancaster Gate.[5] This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions; the Premier League would operate with a single division and the Football League with three. There was no change in competition format; the same number of teams competed in the top flight, and promotion and relegation between the Premier League and the new First Division remained on the same terms as between the old First and Second Divisions.
The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry City, Crystal Palace, Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest, Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, and Wimbledon.
Premier League members for 2008–09
The following 20 clubs will compete in the Premier League during the 2008–09 season.Club | Position in 2007–08 | First season in top division | Number of seasons in top division | First season of current spell in top division | Top division titles | Last title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arsenala,b,c | 3rd | 1904–05 | 92 | 1919–20 | 13 | 2003–04 |
| Aston Villaa,b,c | 6th | 1888–89 | 98 | 1988–89 | 7 | 1980–81 |
| Blackburn Roversa | 7th | 1888–89 | 69 | 2001–02 | 3 | 1994–95 |
| Bolton Wanderers | 16th | 1888–89 | 70 | 2001–02 | 0 | n/a |
| Chelseaa,b,c | 2nd | 1907–08 | 74 | 1989–90 | 3 | 2005–06 |
| Evertona,b,c | 5th | 1888–89 | 106 | 1954–55 | 9 | 1986–87 |
| Fulhamc | 17th | 1949–50 | 20 | 2001–02 | 0 | n/a |
| Hull Cityc | 3rd; Championship | 2008–09 | 1 | 2008–09 | 0 | n/a |
| Liverpoola,b,c | 4th | 1894–95 | 94 | 1962–63 | 18 | 1989–90 |
| Manchester Citya | 9th | 1899–1900 | 80 | 2002–03 | 2 | 1967–68 |
| Manchester Uniteda,b,c | 1st | 1892–93 | 84 | 1975–76 | 17 | 2007–08 |
| Middlesbrougha | 13th | 1902–03 | 60 | 1998–99 | 0 | n/a |
| Newcastle Unitedc | 12th | 1898–99 | 79 | 1993–94 | 4 | 1926–27 |
| Portsmouthc | 8th | 1927–28 | 32 | 2003–04 | 2 | 1949–50 |
| Stoke Cityc | 2nd; Championship | 1888–89 | 53 | 2008–09 | 0 | n/a |
| Sunderland | 15th | 1890–91 | 78 | 2007–08 | 6 | 1935–36 |
| Tottenham Hotspura,b,c | 11th | 1909–10 | 74 | 1978–79 | 2 | 1960–61 |
| West Bromwich Albion | 1st; Championship | 1888–89 | 72 | 2008–09 | 1 | 1919–20 |
| West Ham United | 10th | 1923–24 | 52 | 2005–06 | 0 | n/a |
| Wigan Athleticc | 14th | 2005–06 | 4 | 2005–06 | 0 | n/a |
a = Founding member of the Premier League
b = Played in every Premier League season
c = Never been relegated from Premier League
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